Dear parents and carers
Navigating the ecosystem of education in Australia is very difficult, even for the education professionals. To some extent the confusions are a result of federalism. Just as when the six colonies (states) came together to form the nation of Australia in 1901, famously bringing with them their own incompatible railway gauges, so each state, and territory, had its own education system. The Australian Constitution gives authority over education to the states and territories. We therefore have eight systems (six states, the ACT and Northern Territory) with a Commonwealth Government overlay, despite the fact that the population of Australian is less than that of California, which is a single system. There is the additional complexity of acronyms and educational jargon, which can make the world of education seem impenetrable.
Attempts at National Consistency
In the days of the Gillard government, there was an attempt to unify all of this. The federal government decided on a national credential to replace all of the states’ credentials (HSC NSW, VCE or Victorian Certificate of Education etc) with each state running its own curriculum to the point of graduation. In these days of political polarisation, the following Coalition government reversed this and introduced an Australian (National) Curriculum which will then articulate to each state’s secondary exit credential. The national curriculum was largely welcomed by the smaller jurisdictions; NSW and Victoria said a national curriculum was fine so long as it was their curriculum! Accordingly, the Australian curriculum is interpreted in NSW through the HSC and down to Kindergarten level as set by NESA (NSW Education Standards Authority). This means a mostly symbiotic but sometimes vexed relationship between ACARA (Australian Curriculum Assessment and Reporting Authority), the national office of which is in Pitt Street Sydney and NESA, the state office of which is in Clarence Street Sydney. ACARA are responsible for the Australian curriculum and for Australia wide testing, for instance NAPLAN (National Assessment Program of Literacy and Numeracy). ACARA are a federal body reporting to the Federal Minister of Education and Training, currently Jason Clare, while NESA are a state body reporting to the State Minister of Education, Prue Carr. NESA are responsible for curriculum and assessment, including the HSC. They are responsible for the RoSA (Record of Secondary Achievement), which becomes important for any student who leaves school before the HSC. NESA’s jurisdiction for these areas is over government, non-government and independent schools, including Christian schools. Some will know NESA through its former names The Board of Secondary Studies, Board of Studies (BOS) and The Board of Studies, Teaching and Educational Standards (BOSTES).
School Sectors and Governance
Government schools are line managed through the Department of Education. Independent Schools mostly group together under the banner on ISNSW (Independent Schools NSW, formerly known as The Association of Independent Schools or AISNSW). Here the accountability lines are different; it is individual schools which have commissioned ISNSW, drawing on its aggregated services for advice and expertise through its central array of 140 specialist staff.
To complicate the situation further, within the independent sector there are further aggregations of schools. One is Christian Education National (CEN), the cluster of which Covenant Christian Schools is a member. It is typified by strong partnership with parents in the collaborative venture of education of children.
The Federal Department of Education and Training owns and runs no schools. However, it uses the power of the purse to drive its agenda, for instance some will recall when Brendan Nelson was Minister of Education, schools had to display a poster of Australian values, featuring the Gallipoli hero Simpson with his donkey, in order to receive funding.
From HSC to ATAR
At the end of Year 12 in NSW, students’ HSC marks from the state authority NESA are then scaled by the federal authority UAC (Universities Admission Centre) to an ATAR (Australian Tertiary Assessment Rank). The rank looks like a mark as it is expressed out of 100 but it is actually a place in the state. Different education jurisdictions have different ways of calculating ATARs. UAC, which is a state level organisation, is part of ACTAC (Australian Council of Tertiary Admission Centres).
Making Sense of It All
Federalism! Acronyms! The specialist jargon of educators! What if parents find this hard to fathom? Ask the school leaders for help, and trust that the school has an appropriate grasp of all of this.
The above is a quick introduction to the multiple systems under which education operates in Australia. Scaling of HSC marks to ATAR’s and the funding of schools are associated controversial areas which themselves need unpacking.
Regards
Dr John Collier
Interim Principal